Close-up
6 magicians who defined close-up, listed in order of birth.
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🇦🇹 1806–1875 Johann Nepomuk Hofzinser "The Father of Card Magic" The father of card magic, who built an art of cards in small salons while holding another job.
- 🇯🇵 1889–1972 Tenkai Ishida 石田天海 — born Ishida Teijirō He crossed to America with the Tenkatsu troupe and stayed for over thirty years — the first Japanese magician whose techniques entered the international repertoire.
- 🇨🇦 1894–1992 Dai Vernon "The Professor" The man they called "The Professor," who raised close-up work into an art of its own.
- 🇯🇵 1965– Tomohiro Maeda 前田知洋 Miracles at arm's length — the performer who made close-up magic familiar in Japan.
- 🇺🇸 since 1975 Penn & Teller Penn Jillette & Teller One who talks and one who never does — magic's pre-eminent double act, together since 1975.
- 🇺🇸 1991– Shin Lim Shin Lim Silence, music, and a million dollars — where card magic stands today.